KAF6045

Seems like you could just try the repeater with different settings to determine what they do. Not really sure, though length of signal after input goes quiet is sensible Probably disables transmit ability no comment Likely locks the front panel keys -- choice is manual or auto; manual requires you to use the keys to lock the keypad, auto probably locks after a period of inactivity Suspect it turns off the output tone when the input goes quiet -- so others don't hear the squelch tail.

In the old days -- like 1997 when I got my GMRS license... Base stations couldn't even talk to another base station (besides having only two of the 8 main frequencies assigned). You have to look at the original GMRS intent: family or small business (the latter are grandfathered, but no new business uses are being licensed). In the case of the "family" -- think a moderately large farm. The base station would be in the farm house, while the family working the fields are using HTs or mobiles. Even a 640 acre farm is only 1x1mile -- and being a farm is likely flat enough that even a 2W HT could go corner to corner (1.4miles). Now... the tricky configuration: a repeater WITH microphone and speaker, located at the farm house. It would receive on the 467MHz frequencies, but only transmit on the 462MHz. This would qualify as a base station (think of it as a Dispatch operator, sending directions to scattered family members) when using the microphone/speaker, yet be a repeater for really wide spread family. Given the limited number of /shared/ frequencies in GMRS, and the prohibition on digital data (except for low power HTs sending location data on SIMPLEX frequencies) I don't think there are many "fixed stations" in GMRS -- unless part of a grandfathered business license. I think of fixed stations as things like telemetry or relays (not repeaters), possibly using DTMF tones to send/receive commands. "Fixed" stations don't "talk" to general public -- they use directional antennas (YAGI, dish...) aimed at another fixed station.

The programming software should have a "download from radio" [otherwise you are always starting from scratch] and a "save file" function (not the "upload to radio").

Hmmm... My MXT115 (NFM-only) doesn't scan the "rp" block, regardless of if the repeater block is enabled or disabled. Only 1-7/15-22 simplex get scanned. (I pulled it in favor of a DB-20G when I discovered the 115 is only NFM; the DB-20G has per-memory N/W AND SCAN enable/disable)

Most confusingly -- a base is NOT permitted to access repeaters. Note that "base" stations are only mentioned for the 462MHz main and interstitial -- that means simplex operation only. I do not consider the PTT activation of a repeater to be a "control station" -- to me a control station is one that can command the repeater to shutdown, or even change PL tones -- activities the repeater owner needs to do if the repeater should malfunction, or has some malicious person violating regulations via the repeater, and is not physically present at the repeater to perform such operations.

Though low power exceeds the regulations 2W for MURS.

Take a look at https://mh-nexus.de/en/programs.php HxD -- native Windows application.

Grandfathered "business" usage from an age when the FCC allowed for business/government entities to apply for a license; 25+ years ago practically all GMRS repeaters were operated by businesses -- one could apply to the licensee and maybe (for $$) be permitted to use the repeater (many repeaters were multi-PL capable, and the operator could assign a CTCSS tone just for you and family members operating under your license -- while not revealing tones used by other users of the repeater).

It may not have been FRS radios... The railroad may have a grandfathered GMRS license, and .5625 IS a GMRS interstitial allowed up to 5W -- which would be plenty for use by engineers/conductors/brakemen on a given train. They may have a limited choice for MAIN channels -- those may still be locked to the original 1 or 2 pairs selected back when a GMRS license only allowed for up to two selected frequencies.

Persuade the emergency groups to move to LMR/Business band...

Did you read the HOWTO file? pi-star@pi-star-3b(ro):~$ sudo apt search pacman Sorting... Done Full Text Search... Done childsplay/oldstable 3.3-2 all Suite of educational games for young children gtkboard/oldstable 0.11pre0+cvs.2003.11.02-9 armhf many board games in one program hannah/oldstable 1.0-3 armhf pacman-like game, child oriented hannah-data/oldstable 1.0-3 all pacman-like game, child oriented - data files njam/oldstable 1.25-10 armhf pacman-like game with multiplayer support njam-data/oldstable 1.25-10 all pacman-like game with multiplayer support -- data files pacapt/oldstable 2.3.13-1 all Arch's pacman-like package manager for some Unices pacman/oldstable 10-17.2 armhf Chase Monsters in a Labyrinth pacman4console/oldstable 1.3-1 armhf ncurses-based pacman game xscreensaver-data-extra/oldstable 5.42+dfsg1-1 armhf Extra screen saver modules for screensaver frontends pi-star@pi-star-3b(rw):~$ Is "pacapt" the package you want?

The ISM band spans 2.4-2.5GHz, Amateur 13cm has snippets in 2.300 to 2.310 GHz, and from 2.390 to 2.450 GHz... So the odds are good that the frequency hopping of an ISM band radio will go outside of the Amateur 13cm band. US WiFi is not permitted the channels spanning 2456-2495...

To my knowledge, ALL the MXT micro-mobiles support repeater usage (I have an MXT-115 -- it has repeater capability; it does not have added memory channels, so if one has to access two repeaters on the same frequency, one will have to remember what tones are currently assigned to that frequency/channel). Go to Midland's web site, find the radio of interest, and download the PDF manual. Note that the 115/275 units are NFM only (ie; FRS bandwidth, not GMRS (wide) FM bandwidth). I believe the top-end models had a firmware update that permits selecting bandwidth (again, check the manual).

Based upon a Google search, it is an ancient (near 20 year old) design, that was certified for part 90 usage. Technically, it does not have part 95 certification, but back then most high-end GMRS radios likely were LMR/business radios. Under /current/ part 95 rules, it may not be valid for GMRS (part 95 is confusing WRT part 90 radios -- as long as they don't allow Amateur band usage -- it may just mean new part 90 that do not allow Amateur bands may also be certified under part 95) Unclear on what is the difference between "house owner" vs "the operator"... If your "work" is using leased radios (or at least a leased repeater system provided by some radio service reseller, and said reseller is responsible for configuring the assigned radios, you will have to contact them... Especially if the radios are running in a digital [DMR?] mode as you will need a radio/user ID number provided by the reseller.

Interesting -- they show up as DISCONTINUED on the Motorola site (not sure if it was country specific, but the only "unlicensed" radios shown were all European PMR446 units). Only DTRs found are the 600 and 700 models.

The MXT-115 has a cigarette lighter plug (fused -- with a second in-line fuse should one cut the plug off and direct wire; also have a quick disconnect up near the radio so even if direct wired one can easily slide it out of the mount and hide it away). From the manual of the 275

Technician is the harder of the tests, at least in my experience. It's full of all the rigamarole rules as to band limits for various classes, and operational behavior... By the time you get to Extra, it's basically electronic theory. Granted, my Tech license went back to when the No-Code Tech license came out, while I jumped to Extra when the code requirement was fully dropped. Spent two weeks with a General study guide, found an on-line practice exam site -- passed 10 out of 10. On a whim, tried the Extra segment -- with no study passed 7 of 10. Went to a license session held two days later. Took both tests, passed (by 1 question on Extra). If I hadn't passed Extra, I had two weeks to study before the next test session.

RG213 has about 5.5dB loss per 100 ft at GMRS frequencies. Call it 6db for computation (and include any connector losses). A 50ft length would then have 3dB loss (50%), 25 ft would have 1.5dB loss. If I did the math properly, that converts your 40W output to 28W at the antenna. But does not include duplexer losses -- assume 3dB. That means your 40W out is now 20W out of the duplexer, and 14W at the antenna. About 35% actual output. You say you've tried with three duplexers... Did you bother to put the SW-102 on the OUTPUT of the duplexers. Oh, BTW: that 35% also applies to /receive/ signal strength. If those distant repeaters are near threshold for the direct radio, they are likely under threshold through the repeater configuration.

Those are not "sub-channels", they are CTCSS tones being identified by a manufacturer specific numbering scheme. The manual SHOULD have a table identifying which CTCSS tone correlates to any particular number. That said -- the manuals I can find on-line are silent on the #<>frequency. Suggest trying this Midland chart: https://www.manualslib.com/manual/671454/Midland-M-222p.html?page=8#manual Odds are good that they are in the same sequence. Map the Cobra # to the CTCSS frequency in the chart, and set the equivalent KG channel number to that tone (Tx and Rx). The OP, OTOH, was talking about radios with multiple channel /memory slots/ that can be programmed with any of the GMRS frequencies and tone codes (along with simplex or repeater usage).

One consideration for Marine radio is that the channels have fairly specific assignments (and yes, chit chat by kids would probably be in violation of any channel). One listing: 16: Distress calls, ship-to-ship, ship-to-shore -- except for emergencies, MUST change to a working channel after initial contact; must be monitored when not using radio for other purposes 09: New FCC recommended recreational vessel calling channel, to free 16 for distress (this probably means one needs a dual-receive radio to monitor 16, while also monitoring 09) 06: ship-to-ship safety; SAR; Coast Guard 13 (& 67): "bridge to bridge" navigation in tight waterways; 1W max; 13 is all vessels, 67 is commercial vessels only 22: Coast Guard after making initial contact on 16 68, 69, 71, 72: solely ship-to-ship 01, 07-11, 18, 19, 63, 67, 79, 80: COMMERCIAL vessels only 24-28, 84-88: ship-to-shore Marine Operator phone-patches 70: "Digital Selective Calling", ships with DSC radios use this for distress&calling rather than 16 Heh -- that listing also has a warning: do not let children play with the radio!

If one can live with 12.5kHz NFM rather than the 20kHz FM bandwidth allowed for GMRS.

The instructions for most lip mounts include SCRAPING off the paint where the set-screws tighten it to the lip. 1/4Wave antennas require a ground plane -- that ground plane is the metal panel the mount is connected to (or the foil sheet capacitively coupling to the metal panel for mag-mounts).

Back some 25-30 years ago, .675 WAS an FCC declared Emergency/Traveller Assistance channel. This was back in the days when one's license only authorized TWO of the 8 main frequency pairs (simplex& repeater; Channel numbers did not apply -- you only had channels 1&2/A&B; channel numbers were only standardized with the 2017 reorganization of GMRS and FRS). If one's license did not list .675, and one had a radio that could tune to it (unlikely in those days as most were using LMR units with just an A/B channel switch and had to be programmed at a dealer for the licensee's two frequencies*) it could only be used for Emergency/TA purposes. If the license /did/ list .675, it was just plain general use frequency. * The Maxon GMRS 210+3 was a bit of a wonder radio in 97; it had the 7 interstitials (usable without being listed on a license), .675 as channel 8, and then had 9&10 programmable (officially by a shop, but the programming manual was included with the unit) for the channels on one's license. Programming CTCSS was available via front panel. It wasn't until 1999 that the "2 main frequency" license restriction was removed.

MURS does not have the "fixed antenna" restriction.

Do you mean the Midland MXT-115? No adjustment that I know of... Note: the MXT-115 operates in NFM mode only (ie; FRS compatible bandwidth), not GMRS (wide) FM. That is going to affect the tonal qualities on receivers depending upon the bandwidth they are operating at.