SteveShannon

No, it’s digital data. That’s permitted in accordance with the regulations, but digital voice is not allowed: Digital data transmissions. Digital data transmissions are limited to the 462 MHz main channels and interstitial channels in the 462 MHz and 467 MHz bands.

Adopting digital voice mode “Digital Mobile Radio”, which is allowed on the amateur service and business radios. It would require a change to regulations and as far as I can tell there’s really no probability of it happening.

Instead of googling “speakers”, Google “radio communication speakers“ You’ll find offerings from the various radio companies, such as Astatic, Icom, Yaesu, MFJ, etc. Almost all will be better priced going through somewhere other than Amazon, like DXEngineering or Gigaparts or Ham Radio Outlet, but if you have prime anyway the savings in shipping might make up for it.

I just ordered an MFJ-884. I did so based on reviews on Amazon and ehams.net, which were very positive except for a couple people who ordered from the bargain basement selection of used meters. https://mfjenterprises.com/products/mfj-884 These are the features that swayed me: Range from 1.8 MHz to 525 MHz Reports of accuracy Reports of accuracy even when measuring low wattage devices (milliwatt sensitivity) Ease of use (simplicity). This meter just measures forward power and reflected power. The intersection of the two needles occurs over meter markings that show the SWR. Ability to calibrate. Retail is $160. Ham Radio Outlet has it for $150 with free shipping. I generally receive items very quickly from the Portland store and that's where this is shipping from. It's not digital. It doesn't have a frequency counter. It only needs external power for the meter illumination (as I understand it). I was sorely tempted to get the MFJ-874. It also had very good reviews. https://mfjenterprises.com/products/mfj-874?pr_prod_strat=use_description&pr_rec_id=ec31e14d7&pr_rec_pid=4393832153187&pr_ref_pid=4393832349795&pr_seq=uniform

I don’t know; all of mine get approved. ?

The low power Retevis RT-97 and RT-97s both have an integral duplexer but for higher power a duplexer can be quite large.

I think he’s seeing the unanswered requests he has made.

I don’t have one. I looked at the manual and other than the frequency scan you already mentioned I don’t see any other scan function.

https://ftp.elecraft.com/AX1/Manuals Downloads/AX-Line brochure, rev M1.pdf or for the full line: www.Elecraft.com

With a repeater you either have to have two antennas, separated by enough distance that the transmitted signal doesn’t overwhelm the receiver or you need a duplexer. The transmit side goes into the transmit connector on the duplexer and the receive side of the duplexer runs to the receive connector in the repeater. Then the antenna connector on the duplexer runs to the antenna. The diagram you attached in your first post illustrates it. Just remember that both the transmitter and receiver are in the same box.

Also, gravity helps curve RF to conform slightly to the earth’s curvature. Just slightly.

That looks correct to me also, but again, and I want to emphasize this. It’s always best to leave the receive tones off when getting started. If you leave the receive tones unset, you receive everything on that rx frequency.

They are, aren’t they? I’d love a KX2 radio and an AX1 antenna.

In the first place, we don’t all agree. In my opinion MURS is intended for short distance unlicensed simplex communications. Allowing repeaters drastically changes that and would make it harder to use those five channels for short ranges. The fact that a licensed service like GMRS is permitted repeaters doesn’t justify MURS repeaters. Repeaters aren’t permitted on any unlicensed services that I know of. I’m not sure why anyone would want to spend a couple thousand bucks to put a 2 watt repeater on a tower anyway. I just don’t understand what you’re trying to make MURS into.

Look at how the Elecraft AX-1 and AX-2 do it! ?

The shorter the better.

https://spaceweather.com

No, the wrap won’t hurt. Yes; you’ll have a different pattern because the ground plane is off-center, but it won’t kill your performance.

Here’s the section that defines what it means to “operate under the authority of an individual license”: (c) Individuals who may operate a GMRS station. This paragraph establishes who may operate a GMRS station under the authority of an individual license. (1) Any individual who holds an individual license may operate his or her GMRS stations. (2) Any individual who holds an individual license may allow his or her immediate family members to operate his or her GMRS station or stations. Immediate family members are the licensee's spouse, children, grandchildren, stepchildren, parents, grandparents, stepparents, brothers, sisters, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews, and in-laws. (3) Any individual who holds an individual license may allow anyone to operate his or her GMRS station if necessary to communicate an emergency message. (4) Any non-individual person that holds a grandfathered GMRS license may allow individuals to operate its grandfathered GMRS station(s) only in accordance with the following paragraphs: (i) A partnership may allow its partners and employees to operate its GMRS station(s). (ii) A corporation may allow its officers, directors, members and employees to operate its GMRS station(s). (iii) An association may allow its members and employees to operate its GMRS station(s). (iv) A governmental unit may allow its employees to operate its GMRS station(s). Looking back at the paragraphs of the exception please note that the exact same language is used. There simply is no other way to operate “under the authority of an individual license.” And people working for a grandfathered entity cannot use the corporate license without identifying the repeater because it’s not an individual license which is a requirement for the exception: c) Any GMRS repeater station is not required to transmit station identification if: (1) It retransmits only communications from GMRS stations operating under authority of the individual license under which it operates; and, (2) The GMRS stations whose communications are retransmitted are properly identified in accordance with this section.

Every tall building has several antennas. They probably have an established rental policy. Don’t let that dissuade you.

This is absolutely excellent information, Marc. Thank you. @Lscotthit the nail on the head. Documenting technical information clearly is a gift. You did a great job. I really appreciated the historical aspect as well.

Maybe this will help. Here's the logical structure: Rule: The following requirements must be obeyed (Each station must identify itself...) Requirement 1 Requirement 2 Except under these conditions: Condition 1, and Condition 2. Because it's a conjunction, a logical AND, both conditions must be true in order to use the exception. That's the only way the regulation can be interpreted. There are other examples of regulations that have a logical OR in that same position. If it would help I'd be happy to post one. I was wrong that the ID doesn't have to be made at the beginning of a transmission. Only at the end and every 15 minutes. But I don't think anyone should flame you. Certainly not for being incorrect. God knows I'm incorrect frequently and I hope that people won't flame me for that.

I wanted to support @rdunajewski, the owner, so for me I guess it was, at least once.

§ 95.1751 GMRS station identification. Each GMRS station must be identified by transmission of its FCC-assigned call sign at the end of transmissions and at periodic intervals during transmissions except as provided in paragraph (c) of this section. A unit number may be included after the call sign in the identification. (a) The GMRS station call sign must be transmitted: (1) Following a single transmission or a series of transmissions; and, (2) After 15 minutes and at least once every 15 minutes thereafter during a series of transmissions lasting more than 15 minutes. (b) The call sign must be transmitted using voice in the English language or international Morse code telegraphy using an audible tone. (c) Any GMRS repeater station is not required to transmit station identification if: (1) It retransmits only communications from GMRS stations operating under authority of the individual license under which it operates; and, (2) The GMRS stations whose communications are retransmitted are properly identified in accordance with this section. Except it’s not confusing. It’s clearly written. You seem to forget about the word “and” (I emphasized it above) at the end of (C)(1). That means both (C)(1) and (C)(2) must be true for the exception (C) to be permitted. In general, those two conditions can only be simultaneously true for for family repeaters (and probably some grandafathered stations, but they’re completely different from new licenses.) And I have no clue why you would interpret “Each GMRS station” to exclude repeaters. Each means every.

The MFJ-874 claims 5% average accuracy on 20 and 200 watt scales: https://mfjenterprises.com/products/mfj-874?pr_prod_strat=use_description&pr_rec_id=43ee72544&pr_rec_pid=4393832153187&pr_ref_pid=4393832349795&pr_seq=uniform#product-manuals It looks interesting to me. The wavenode looks interesting as well.