Amateur radios are part 97 which has different requirements than the other parts. You won't find a Part 95 and Part 97 radio. A lot of the Part 97 radios can be modified to operate out of band for both MURS and GMRS frequencies but they are not authorized to operate on those frequencies. That doesn't mean there aren't a lot of them that do, they are just not in compliance when they do.
Admiral Cochrane makes a very broad statement with nothing as background. While I'm in western NC I do know a little more about how the amateurs in Florida have setup some of their emergency communications network throughout the state. I know the Florida DOT has made space available on their radio towers for hams to install repeaters. Orange County has an active emergency management center that includes amateurs within the structure. I believe Pinellas also includes hams in their emergency ops center. The more times regional and state emergency operations are activated, the more agencies and groups are included to facilitate the flow of information both into the center and out to the affected areas and general public. I firmly believe you are on the correct path for the protection of not only your family, but those you come in contact with when evacuated. You will have a means of getting information in and out of wherever you are.
I purchased a Nagoya 200C for my mobile. I rarely hear any traffic on GMRS but routinely work repeaters 23 miles away on both 2 meter and 70 cm with 25W. I can also trigger repeaters further away but these two carry a lot of traffic.
Bandwidth is the amount of space allocated for a channel and all the GMRS channels are spaced 25 KHz apart. The modulation or intelligence must be contained within the limits of the channel and is limited to 20 KHz to leave a guard band or blank area of 2,5 KHz on each side of the intelligence. This explains the 20K0F3 designation. Narrowband channels are 12.5 KHz wide so their modulation is 11K0F3, 11K of modulation and 1.25 KHz of guard on each side.
The FCC has the right as part of your license grant to inspect your station but they don't have the right to seize the equipment. That's what the court order was for, to seize the equipment.
Laws regarding the use of radios is mostly silent. The key difference between cell phones and radios is a radio doesn't connect to the telephone network, conversations are short, no text messaging or video.
Both services are active during emergences with the larger base being amateur radio because of its existing infrastructure and recognition by emergency service agencies from fire, law and Red Cross. GMRS/FRS can't compete due to a single frequency band, lower allowed power and lack of a national organization setting up recognized guidelines. In some areas where evacuations are more common you will find a lot of people using the FRS bubble-pack radios but with no real coordination or information sharing.
There's nothing wrong about a J-Pole. They work, and work well but there are better options with other antennas that offer gain which a J-Pole doesn't.
They market the radios under Part 97 (or more likely just broadcast the frequency range and don't worry about the FCC because they aren't within the FCC's jurisdiction).
You are both still causing interference to the other user. If the signal phases are enough out of alignment you will end up cancelling each others transmission. Yes, the field strength of the pair of transmitters in your example should overpower the other, there is no guarantee it will work as there are just too many variables to consider.
You can't have more than one concurrent conversation in the same area regardless of tones. They use the same carrier frequency which interferes with others. My radio indicates the channel is busy even though I don't hear the ongoing conversation.
Way too much for a 360W power supply. This one well supply all you need; MEAN WELL LRS-350-12 DC Switching Power Supply 12V 29A 350W for CCTV, Computer Project, 3D Printer, LED Strip Light, Router
Then you'll need a quad pole terinium filled filter for your receiver. They're available at Mxltypyx's store on Venus for 400 gold filled latinum bars.
And I'm certain that the first device you used to check an antenna's efficiency was an antenna analyzer. People usually learn to crawl before they do handsprings with advanced level equipment such as the Vector Network Analyzer.